kvm虚拟机centos根目录扩容
文章目录
由于之前给kvm虚拟机中的centos分配的根目录过少，导致根目录经常100%，下面我们来进行根目录扩容。
创建虚拟磁盘
在/data目录下创建100G的虚拟磁盘。
[root@localhost data1]# cd /data/
qemu-img create -f raw centos-add1.img 100G
给虚拟机添加磁盘
[root@localhost data1]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 test1 running
2 test2 running
3 test3 running
我们给test1虚拟机增加磁盘
virsh attach-disk test1 /data/centos-add1.img vdb --cache none
ssh登陆该主机，查看新增的磁盘
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 327.0 GB, 327018325504 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 633638 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009717a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 3 1018 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/vda2 1018 624153 314059776 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_swap: 5217 MB, 5217714176 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 634 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_home: 262.7 GB, 262689259520 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31936 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 208050 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
根目录扩容
查看现有磁盘空间
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root 50G 27G 20G 58% /
tmpfs 2.4G 12K 2.4G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 477M 32M 420M 8% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_home 241G 904M 228G 1% /home
对新增磁盘分区
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4540d03c.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 4
First cylinder (1-208050, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-208050, default 208050):
Using default value 208050
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
fdisk –l 查看新的分区表
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 327.0 GB, 327018325504 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 633638 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009717a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 3 1018 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/vda2 1018 624153 314059776 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_swap: 5217 MB, 5217714176 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 634 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_home: 262.7 GB, 262689259520 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31936 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 208050 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4540d03c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb4 1 208050 104857168+ 83 Linux
格式化新分区/dev/sdb
[root@node1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214292 blocks
1310714 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
将/dev/sdb4创建为pv物理卷组
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb4
Physical volume "/dev/vdb4" successfully created
[root@node1 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_hadoop21
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 299.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 76674
Alloc PE / Size 76674 / 299.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID mFmrBQ-y1vZ-gsH3-F53W-SKGL-4qg5-fLSNty
将/dev/sdb4的PV空间扩展到VG卷组:VolGroup
[root@node1 ~]# vgextend /dev/vg_hadoop21 /dev/vdb4
Volume group "vg_hadoop21" successfully extended
[root@node1 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_hadoop21
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 399.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 102273
Alloc PE / Size 76674 / 299.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 25599 / 100.00 GiB
VG UUID mFmrBQ-y1vZ-gsH3-F53W-SKGL-4qg5-fLSNty
扩展LV逻辑卷VolGroup-LogVo100（/）的空间容量
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root 50G 27G 20G 58% /
tmpfs 2.4G 12K 2.4G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 477M 32M 420M 8% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_home 241G 904M 228G 1% /home
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L +90G /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root
Size of logical volume vg_hadoop21/lv_root changed from 50.00 GiB (12800 extents) to 140.00 GiB (35840 extents).
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
检查文件系统是否完整挂载
[root@node1 ~]# e2fsck /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
将扩容的LV逻辑卷的容量写入根分区中（/）
[root@node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 9
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root to 36700160 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root is now 36700160 blocks long.
查看已经写入根分区的磁盘容量
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_root 147G 27G 113G 20% /
tmpfs 2.4G 12K 2.4G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 477M 32M 420M 8% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_hadoop21-lv_home 241G 904M 228G 1% /home